Bangladesh has prioritized reproductive, maternal, and child health for decades, laying a foundation that primed the country for exemplary progress after the year 2000. Through investing in family planning, expanding access to health services, growing the health care workforce, and using innovative financial structures, Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reducing neonatal and maternal mortality. While progress in recent decades has been disproportionately rapid among those being treated in private facilities, community outreach policies and targeted financial incentives have made a notable impact on the health of vulnerable communities. The country is on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals target of 12 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births and the target of 86 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. To do so, Bangladesh must sustain or slightly improve its trajectory of progress with a focus on subnational areas with lagged progress. Innovative strategies may be needed to address lingering challenges that Bangladesh faces despite its remarkable progress. As an Exemplar, Bangladesh has positioned itself well to achieve these goals and has demonstrated an ability to address the challenge of reducing neonatal and maternal mortality.