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Data and evidence

DATA VISUALIZATIONS

Explore data visualizations for stunting in Peru below, or explore more Peru-specific data in the Data Explorer.

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Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) and total fertility rate (births per woman)

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES); SickKids Analysis
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Conceptual framework showing distal, intermediate, and proximal determinants of stunting

IMMEDIATE CAUSES (PROXIMAL) Maternal Characteristics Parity, inter-pregnancy intervals, maternal age, maternal height, maternal BMI, maternal anemia, adolescent birth (<18 years), older mother births ≥ 35 Child Characteristics Low birth weight Inadequate Dietary Intake Infant & young child feeding (IYCF) dietary diversity (categorical & continuous), grains, roots, & tubers, legumes & nuts, dairy, fresh foods & eggs, vitaminA-rich fruits & vegetables (F&V), other (F&V) Disease Diarrhea incidence, acute respiratory infection incidence UNDERLYING CAUSES (INTERMEDIATE II) Inadequate Feeding Practices and Food Insecurity Duration of breast-feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, complimentary feeding, altitude Inadequate Care and Health Services Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), vaccination rates (e.g., pneumococcal, rotavirus, DPT, measles), care-seeking for pneumonia, demand for family planning satisfied, densityof human resources for health (doctors, nurses, midwives), live births attended by skilled birth attendants, antenatal care visits (at least 4), vitamin A supplementation Unhealthy Household Environment Urbanization, open defecation, access to improved water sources, number of household members BASIC DRIVERS (INTERMEDIATE I) Nutrition Sensitive and Specific Programs Conditional cash transfer “JUNTOS” program, Articulated Nutrition Program (PAN), and Maternal-Neonatal Health Program(PSMN) per capita expenditure, Comprehensive Health Insurance Program (SIS) utilization BASIC CAUSES (DISTAL) Socioeconomic Factors Asset index, log GDP per capita, poverty line, GINI coefficient, maternal education, paternal education Macro-level Social, Economic, Political, and Environmental Context and Factors Conceptual framework showing distal, intermediate and proximal determinants of stunting, adapted from UNICEF undernutrition conceptual framework
Adapted from UNICEF undernutrition conceptual framework
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Decomposition Analysis: Predicted change in under-five HAZ, 2000 - 2016

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES); SickKids Analysis
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Geospatial stunting patterns in Peru

Data source: Directiva 004-2012-MIDIS.pdf, (pag. 14)
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UNICEF / Lancet nutrition series undernutrition conceptual framework

Framework for the relations between poverty, food security, and other underlying and immediate causes to maternal and child undernutrition and its short-term and long-term consequences.
Framework of the relations between poverty, food insecurity, and other underlying and immediate causes to maternal and child undernutrition and its short-term and long-term consequences
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Lancet series: Interventions in undernutrition

Data Source: Bhutta et al., 2013
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Logic model: Programa Articulado Nutricional (PAN)

A description of this diagram is not available at this time.
Data Source: Peru Ministry of Economics and Finance (MEF)
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Ratio of doctors, nurses, and midwives

Data Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (INEI)
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PAN allocated budget and expenditure, 2009-2016, USD

Data Source: Peru Ministry of Economics and Finance (MEF)
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PAN expenditure by priority, 2009-2016, USD, millions

Data Source: Ministerio de Salud (MINSA)
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Percent of children receiving PCV1 PCV3 Rota1 and RotaC vaccinations

Data Source: WHO-UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC)
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Prevalence of stunting

Data Source: Joint Malnutrition Estimates (JME, UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group)
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Mothers accessing skilled birth assistance by residence

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES)
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Percent of women accessing institutional delivery by wealth quintile

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES)
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Percent of women receiving antenatal care visits

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES)

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Percent of women with health insurance (public and private)

Data Source:  Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES)
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Peru GDP Current USD in billions

Proportion of children younger than 36 months with complete CRED for their age

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES)
Go to Implementation of PAN

Stunting rates vs. budget allocation to PAN, by regions

Stunting rate: prevalence of stunting in children under 5(%) in 2007. Range 8%–~52%. Budget allocation: total amount assigned in January 2008–2010 (soles per child younger than 36 months) Range: 0–2,400 soles
Data Source: Peru Ministry of Finance
Go to What did Peru do?

Victora Curves: Predicted HAZ score by child age

Data Source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES); SickKids Analysis
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Visual explanation of European tranche funding & requirements

Data Source: Luis Cordero and Roger Salhuana, on behalf of EUROPAN
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Prevalence of severe and moderate stunting

Go to Why is Peru an Exemplar?
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Field Notes

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Appendix