From 2000 to 2018, strong economic growth enabled Peru to increase its health and social spending substantially. This spending enabled sustained health system performance: key health indicators, especially those related to neonatal and child health, improved. To maintain these improvements in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru can continue to boost the empowerment of civil society, promote transparent and accountable governance at all levels of the health system, and improve access to services nationwide via ongoing efforts to encourage providers to work (and remain) in rural and other underserved communities.